The Israeli – Palestinian conflict rests stubbornly in the Middle Eastern whirlpool of events. In the last one hundred years all attempts to resolve it have failed. Is there a path to coexistence between Israel and the Palestinian Arabs? In this talk we shall discuss the factors which have prevented agreement between the two sides. We shall review the complexity of the historical, cultural, religious, and socio-economic conditions that characterize each side and assess the prospects for an Israeli – Palestinian reconciliation.